Milan Local Division
UPC_CFI_792/2024
App. 61708/2024
Final order
Order no. ORD_64124/2024
of the Court of First Instance of the Unified Patent Court
delivered on 8/04/2025
Headnotes
1. The UPC “shall be deemed to be a court of a Member State” pursuant the Article 71a of the
Regulation (EU) n. 1215/2012 (recast) as amended by Regulation (EU) 542/2014. Its
interpretation provided for by the Court of Justice of the European Union apply to the UPC
as it were a national court.
2. In light of Court of Justice decision in case C-339/2022, 25 February 2025, UPC Milan Local
Division has universal jurisdiction to adjudicate on infringement issues related to European
patents over the defendants domiciled in Italy pursuant to Article 32 UPCA as well as pursuant
to Articles 4(1) and 71a and 71b of the Regulation (EU) n. 1215/2012 (recast) as amended by
Regulation (EU) 542/2014.
Different interpretation would have the effect of recognising that the UPC has less territorial
jurisdiction than a national court, contrary to the provisions of Article 71a 7f the Regulation
(EU) n. 1215/2012 (recast) as amended by Regulation (EU) 542/2014.
3. UPC Milan Local Division, in case it is the Court of the domicile of the defendant, has
jurisdiction to adjudicate on infringement issues related to European patents validated in non-
UPC Countries, in this case in Spain.
Keywords rule 19 RoP, art. 31 and 34 UPCA
APPLICANT
Alpinestars S.P.A (Defendant n. 1 in the main proceedings)
RESPONDENT
Dainese spa (claimant in the main proceedings)
PATENT AT ISSUE
Patent no. Proprietor/s
EP4072364 Dainese S.p.A.
EP3498117 Dainese S.p.A.
DECIDING JUDGE
The judge rapporteur
Alima Zana
LANGUAGE OF PROCEEDINGS:
English
Summary of facts
1. On 8 August 2024, Dainese spa brought an action alleging infringement of EP 364 in the
"Territory for Relief" - defined as the territories of the Contracting Member States of the
Unified Patent Court Agreement (hereinafter "UPCA") and Spain (p. 36 Statement of claim)
against six defendants: precisely, for the purposes of this related proceedings, against
Apinestars s.p.a (defendant n. 1) domiciled in Italy.
The claimant sought, inter alias, a permanent injunction preventing the Defendants or any
of them from carrying out any further infringing acts of EP ‘364, Penalty payment in case
of non-compliance, order to take corrective measures, Declaration of infringement,
Recalling the products from the channels of commerce, definitive removal of the Infringing
Products from the channels of commerce, the destruction of the Infringing Products and of
the materials and implements concerned, order to give information, order to display and
publish the decision, Damages- with joint and several liability- and Payment of legal costs.
2. On 19 November 2024, Defendant 1 filed preliminary objections in accordance with
Rop 19, para. 1, RoP, requesting the Court to find:
A. The UPC lacks jurisdiction to decide on the alleged patent infringement
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B. In the alternative to request A, the complaint is inadmissible due to
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C. In the alternative to requests A and B, the UPC lacks jurisdiction on the alleged
infringement in Spain of the Spanish national validation of EP 4072364 and consequently
the complaint is dismissed with respect to the alleged infringement of the Spanish national
validation of EP 4072364.
D. In the alternative request C, the period for lodging the Statement of defense is extended
to a period of three months from the decision on this preliminary objection in accordance
with R. 19.6 RoP.
E. Plaintiff bears the costs of the proceedings.”
3. On 3.12.2024 Dainese filed its response to preliminary objection, requesting to dismiss the
application and pointing out that the objections raised by Defendant 1 are identical to those already
submitted by defendant n. 2.
Grounds of the decision
A. On alleged lack of Jurisdiction due toxxxxxx
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B. On alleged inadmissibility due to XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
8.In the alternative , according to the defendant n. 1, the action introduced by Dainese would be
inadmissible due to
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9. This request falls outside the scope of Rule 19 ROP and cannot be included in a Preliminary
Objection and is, therefore, inadmissible: indeed.
As pointed out by the UPC CoA “the list of preliminary objections of R. 19.1 RoP must be regarded
as exhaustive. The application of R. 19 to 21 RoP therefore cannot be extended to other defenses,
such as abusive procedural conduct and manifest lack of foundation” (UPC CoA,
UPC_CFI_471/2023, 2 September 2024 confirming the Mannheim Local Division: “The other
arguments put forward by AYLO – that the action is abusive and manifestly unfounded – are not
grounds for a preliminary objection within the meaning of R. 19.1 RoP. These arguments are therefore
not to be taken into account in the context of the decision pursuant to R. 20.1 RoP. Rather, the
assessment will be made in the final decision on the merits, if necessary”).
In particular, The UPC CoA stated that “R. 19 to 21 RoP provide for a special procedure for deciding
on preliminary objections. This procedure differs in several respects from the general procedure for
dealing with defenses (R. 23 et seq. RoP) and the special procedure for deciding actions which are
manifestly inadmissible or manifestly lacking any foundation in law (R. 361 RoP). For example, the
failure to lodge a preliminary objection within the time period is treated as a submission to the
jurisdiction of the Court and the competence of the division (R 19.7 RoP), the preliminary objection
is decided by the judge-rapporteur (R. 20.1 RoP) and the decision or order of the judge rapporteur
is subject to appeal under certain conditions (R. 21 RoP).
Against this background, this further argument of defendant 1 is also unfounded.
C. On the alleged lack of jurisdiction for Spain
10. Following considerations are made in accordance with:
- the Regulation (EU) 1215/2012 (recast) as amended by Regulation (EU)
542/2014, in particular recitals nn. 13 and 15, articles nn. 4, 7, 24 para. 4, and nn.
71a, 71b;
- articles 31 and 34 UPCA;
-The CGUE case law (seed in particular Case C-399/22 (CGUE, Grand Chambre,
25 February 2025);
- the UPC case law (see in particular Local Division Düsseldorf, 28 January 2025,
Fujifilm v Kodak, UPC_CFI_355/2023; Paris, Local Division, 21 March 2025,
UPC_CFI_702/2024).
11. The judge rapporteur notes that:
- the international jurisdiction of this Court shall be established in accordance with Regulation
(EU) No 1215/2012 (article 31 UPCA);
- The UPC “shall be deemed to be a court of a Member State” pursuant The Article 71a - the
Regulation (EU) 1215/2012 (recast) as amended by Regulation (EU) n. 542/2014;
- all the provisions set forth in the EU Regulation Brussels Recast (and their interpretation
provided for by the Court of Justice) apply to the UPC as it were a national Court;
- in this regards, the recent decision of the Court of Justice (Case C-339/22 (CGUE, Grand
Chambre, 25 February 2025) ECLI:EU:C:2025:108) declared as following:
1) “Article 24, point 4, of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and
enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters,
must be interpreted as meaning that:
a court of the Member State of the defendant's domicile, seised under Article 4(1) of
that Regulation of an action for infringement of a patent granted in another Member
State, shall retain jurisdiction to hear and determine that action if, in the context of
that action, the defendant disputes, by way of a plea, the validity of that patent, whereas
jurisdiction to rule on that validity lies exclusively with the courts of that other Member
State.
2) Article 24, point 4, of Regulation No 1215/2012 must be interpreted as meaning
that:
it does not apply to a court of a third State and, consequently, does not confer any
jurisdiction, exclusive or otherwise, on such a court as regards the assessment of the
validity of a patent granted or validated in that State. Where a court of a Member State
is seised, on the basis of Article 4(1) of that regulation, of an action for infringement
of a patent granted or validated in a third State in which the question of the validity of
that patent is raised by way of a plea, that court shall have jurisdiction, pursuant to
Article 4(1), to rule on that plea, since its decision in that regard is not capable of
affecting the existence or content of that patent in that third State or of leading to the
amendment of the national register of that State”
-therefore, the Court of Justice recognises long-arm Jurisdiction to adjudicate on infringement
issues related to European patents before the National Court of an EU Member State if it is
the defendant Domicile taking into account that:
-the cited article 24(4) Brussels I bis Regulation is an exception and it must be
interpreted in accordance with its objective: only disputes concerning the
registration or validity of a patent are reserved to the Member State in which the
patent was granted;
- “Accordingly, a court of the Member State in which the defendant is domiciled,
which has jurisdiction, under Article 4(1) of the Brussels I bis Regulation, in an
action alleging infringement of a patent granted in another Member State, does not
lose that jurisdiction merely because, as its defence, that defendant challenges the
validity of that patent” (see paragraph 41, judgment of the Court of Justice, cited).
12. It follows that the UPC, deemed to be a court of a Member State, in case it is the Court of the
domicile of the defendant, has jurisdiction to adjudicate on infringement issues related to European
patents validated in non-UPC Countries (so called long jurisdiction).
Indeed:
(i) The article 71b of the Brussels I Regulation, that governs the UPC’s jurisdiction, expressly
includes disputes arising under European patents, even if they relate to non-Contracting
States. This means that the regulation is not territorially limited to the contracting States;
(ii) The article 34 UPCA must be interpreted consistently; this rule seems rather only regulate the
case in which the EP is not validated in the entire territory of the UPC. Art. 34 UPCA does
not, however, contain any regulation regarding European patents that are validated outside the
territory of the UPC well as before the UPC, even in States that do not take part in the UPC
(see Local Division Düsseldorf, Decision dated 28 January.2025, Fujifilm v Kodak
(UPC_CFI_355/2023).
This solution is not affected by the CoA decision (UPC_CoA_388/2024, APL_39884/2024),
that revoked a preliminary injunction erroneously extended by the First Instance Court (Local
Division of the Hague) to Ireland.
Indeed, in the above cited case, the applicant requested to extend the injunction against the
respondent “for the Contracting Member States in which the patent is in force”. The Court of
Appeal has correctly revoked the First Instance order considering that Ireland was not (and it
is still not) a Contracting Member State since it has only signed the UPCA which still has to
be ratified.
Different interpretation would have the effect of recognising that the UPC has less territorial
jurisdiction than a national court, contrary to the provisions of Article 71a.
13. It follows that in case a defendant is domiciled in Italy, the Milan Local Division jurisdiction is
“universal”, pursuant to Article 32 UPCA as well as pursuant to Articles 4(1) and 71a and 71b of EU
Regulation Brussels Recast and amended by Reg. n. 542/2014.
14. In the case at issue, the defendant n. 1 challenges the territorial jurisdiction exclusively in respect
of the alleged infringement in Spain of the Spanish national validation of EP 4072364.
In the light of above considerations, the Judge rapporteur considers the preliminary objection
unfounded.
15. Indeed, the defendant n. 1 has registered office in Italy, in an EU Membre State participating to
the UPC system: Therefore, Milan Local Division is the Court of domicile.
Therefore, in accordance with the cited decision of the Court of Justice (case C-339/22 CJEU)
directly applicable to defendant n.1, this Court, as Court of domicile, has jurisdiction over the
violation of the Spanish portion of EP 364.
Indeed:
(i) if it is a Court of domicile, the UPC- as well as a National Court- has
competence to adjudicate on infringement issues related to European patents
validated in non-UPC countries.
In this case, Milan Local Division (the Court of domicile of defendant n. 1)
has jurisdiction in an action alleging infringement of a patent granted in
another Member State, in this case not only the in the States participating to
UPCA system, but also in the UE Member State not participating, here in
Spain).
(ii) The UPC (as well as the National Court) does not lose that jurisdiction
merely because, as its defence, that defendant challenges the validity of that
patent.” (§ 41).
In this case, at this stage, neither revocation action nor disputes concerning
the registration or validity of a patent are been introduced against the
Spanish national validation of EP 364.
This principle -the universal jurisdiction in respect to the defendant domiciled in a
Contracting Member State- is confirmed by UPC case law before the cited
Judgment of the Court of Justice (UPC, Duesseldorf LD, decision of January 28,
2025, UPC_CFI_355/202 Fujifilm/Kodak)and after this decision (see. Paris, Local
Division, 21 March 2025, UPC_CFI_702/2024).
For these reasons, the preliminary objection is dismissed.
D. The request to extend the period for lodging the statement of defence
16. In the light of the above considerations explained at point lett. B, the request raised by defendant
n. 1 (on the extension of period for logging the Statement of defence) cannot be included in a
Preliminary objection and must to be dismissed.
The leave to appeal
17 The appeal may be lodged against this order within 15 calendar days of its notification to the losing
party, in accordance with Article 73(2)(a) UPCA and Rule 220.2 RoP.
In the light of the above considerations
ORDER
1. The preliminary objection logded by Alpinestars spa -defendant n. 1- is dismissed;
2. The costs of the proceedings will be dealt with the main proceedings.
Milan, 8 April 2025
The Judge rapporteur
Alima Zana
Information about appeal
An appeal to this order may be brought in accordance with Art. 73 UPCA and R. 220.2 RoP within
15 calendar days of the notification of this order.
Alima
ZANA
Firmato digitalmente
da Alima ZANA
Data: 2025.04.08
13:32:32 +02'00'
ORDER DETAILS
Order no. ORD_64124/2024 in ACTION NUMBER: ACT_45469/2024
UPC number: UPC_CFI_472/2024
Action type: Infringement Action
Related proceeding no. Application No.: 61708/2024
Application Type: Preliminary objection